domingo, 11 de enero de 2015
lunes, 5 de enero de 2015
16/12/14 - Exam's questions
1. Ethnicity and race
Different call systems belongs to:
a)structure of language
b)speech sounds
c)nonhuman primate communication
Daughter languages are:
a)Deals with longer-term change
b)Languages that are most closely related
c)Are languages that descend from the same parent language.
What type of status are he age or the race?
a) Ascribhed status.
b) Achived status.
c) Normal status.
2. Sex and gender.
What are gender roles?
a) oversimplified, strongly held ideas of characteristics of men and women.
b) tasks and activities that a culture assigns to the sexes
c) unequal distribution of rewards between men and women, reflecting different positions in a social hierarchy
Sexual orientation is:
a)group of conditions involving a discrepancy between the external genitals
b)person´s habitual sexual attraction
c)individuals whose gender identy contradicts their gender identity assigned to them in infancy.
For who are the works of plumber, electrician or mechanical from the point of our society?
a) Male.
b) Female.
c) Both.
3. Language and communication.
What is productivity?
a) combining two or more signs to create new expressions
b) the ability to talk about things that are not present
c) any of the answers are right
Diglossia is
a) varying speech in different contexts
b) regular style shifts between “high” and “low” variants of same language
c) languages that descend from same parent language that have been changing separately for hundreds or even thousands of years
What kind of communication is waving?
a) verbal.
b) non verbal.
c) can be both.
4. Religion.
Who said that religion is belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces?
a) Reese
b) Durkheim
c) Wallace
The Ahimsa is a doctrine from:
a) India
b) China
c) Africa
5. multiculturalism.
Which one isn’t a group nation?
a) Nation
b) State
c) Nation-state
d) All of them are
The process why minority groups adopt the patterns and norms of the host culture is:
a)Nationality
b) Multiculturalisim
c) Assimilation.
What type of discrimination is if you are blame for discrimination ?
a) De facto.
b) De jure
c) Other one.
2/12/14 - Has multiculturalism failed in Germany?
We have seen a video from the Qatar's Channel Al-gazeera (this channel influates n the information of the debate), in wich two people were discussing about Germany's immigration. In the debate we saw a woman called Randani that lived in London but was from French and a man called Margüer that was in French.
This debate has origined in Merkel's thought (she is trying to build multiculturalism but she is failing) and the question if in Germany the multiculturalism has failed.
The main points we have discuss are:
- In Germany you have to learn the language, get a job and respect the laws of the country if you want to be fully integrated.
- In France there're a lot of immigrants. For this country having immigrants is very good for a modern society and for the labor market.
- In London the want to have the French model with equality and respect.
26/11/14 - Gimenez's Text
1.
Authors' profile: Malgesini and Giménez
Carlos
Giménez is a Social Anthropology professor. He is the
principal of the University Institute of Investigation of
Migrations, Ethnicity and Social Development (IMEDES) and of the
programme “Migration and Multiculturalism” in the Autonomous
University of Madrid. He is also a teacher in this university.
He
combines theory and practise in subjects of interculturality,
mediatin and development. From 1992 to 1999 he was consultant in
the Madrid Community with the immigration of the social
administration and from 1996 to 2000 he was an international
adviser of the United Nations' Programme for development (PNUD) of
Guatemala (interculturality, public politics and sustainable
human's development).
Graciela
Malgesini
is a Doctor of Economic History and an expert in themes related with
Migrations and Development.
She
has been teacher of different Universities in Argentina and Spain.
She has worked in different projects of investigation. She has
co-direct the Specialty “Migration and Development” of one
Madrid’s universities’ programme.
Now
she is an independent Consultant in different Organizations, like
the Spanish Red Cross.
She
has published several books and many articles about these two
subjects.
2.
Cultural pluralism, pluralistic societies: Furnivall, Barth and
Smith
Furnivall
created the term “pluralistic societies” to characterize the
Dutch East Indies society, colonial field where the Dutch colonists,
the local Indonesian (clearly dominated) and some intermediate
groups who worked in the trade, like the Chinese immigrants.
Furnivall
saw the domination, the conflict and the instability as inevitable
features of the pluralistic
societies. He said that these societies were creations of the
occidental expansion whose result was to gather different ethnic
groups in the Colonial States and the market.
He
thought that the pluralistic societies were going to end when the
colonial possession finished, because the ethnic groups were
politically forces and there were only economic bond, no social
ones.
Batth
used the term “pluralistic society” in a text of 1958, to
describe the society of Swat (Pakistan), but with a different
perspective than Furnivall, more positive or optimistic.
The
coexistence between three different ethnic groups in Swat and their
persistence like that, showed that the adapting process weren’t
inevitable and that a determinate harmony grade was possible. Barth
defines the pluralistic society as a society that combines the
ethnic contrast and the economic interdependence.
Smith
used the term with the Caribbean society, which was very similar to
the Furnivall’s society: the European colonists (Spanish, French
...), the slaves’ descendent that were moved from Africa to the
Caribe and the Asiatic immigrants, Hindus.
Their
description was an analysis of the social reality as it is more than
a proposal of what it has to be.
3.
Multiculturalism models according to Kymlicka
Kymlicka
has distinguished between “two
broad models of cultural diversity”: “The first case, the
cultural diversity appears from the culture incorporation that
before had a self-government and were concentrated geographically
in a bigger State. The second case, the cultural diversity appears
from the individual immigration and the familiar one”. This two
models are denominates “national minorities” and “ethnic
groups”.
Kymlicka
tried to show that the national minorities try to follow their
culture and be a different society while the ethnic groups try to
integrate in the majority society and be accpted as a member of it
with all the rights.
4.
Objections to the muliculturalism, Rex and Domíngez
In
relation with the critics refered to the possible social
fragmentation, Jonh Rex
in 1986, said that the multiculturalism concept assumed “the
existence of two independent cultural areas”. This two areas were:
The first one “is a political culture shared inside the public
territory, based in the equality” and the second one “diverse
communitary and private cultures, its one with its own language,
religion and customs”. This make visible the difficulties.
Dominguez
sees the multiculturalism as a ideology of post-racism. It is a
critic to the multicultural speech, talk or slang in United States
(multicultural-talk). Even reconizing the diverse positions
(“liberal” and “progressive” positions opposite to the
“conservative” and “right” positions, talking about
multiculturalism), Domínguez says that what is shared is much more
that what is discussed publically.
5.
Interculturalism according to Perotti
Perotti
understands the
“intercultural society” as a “political
project that, departing form the plural culturalism exists in the
society (this pluralism is limited to the yuxtaposition of the
culture and it is only translated in a increasement of the
ethni-groups culture) is ment to develop a new cultural summary.
6.
Chronology: cultural pluralism, multiculturalism and interculturality
.JPG)
19/11/14 - Arango's Text resume
Excepcional in Europe? Spain's Experience with Immigration and Integration
In just a decade, Spain's foreign-born population increased from less tha 4% of the total population to almost 14%.
Most Spaniards stillview immigration through the lens of the labor market.
Spain's wave of immigration has not led to the public and political blacklash that has been characterristic of other immigrant-receiving countries in Erope.
Spain hit hardest by the economic crisis and with some of Europe's highest levels of unemployment, has not seen a wave anti-immigrant sentiment among either general populance or the political class.
The current economic crisis has not led to a blackash against immigration in spain. Between 2000 and 2009 Spain's foreing born went from under 1.5million to over 6.5 million. spain is the second largest recipient of immigrants.
The economic growth was the mais driver behind the rise in the number of immigrants. There was a high demand for foreing labor, to fill low, or semi-skilled job.
Some segments of the population were worried about the growing number of immigrants, but they accepted that these workers were needed.
Emigration policies have tended to be open, and integration efforts sustained and comprehensive. The number of unauthorized immigrants began increasing rapidly in 2000. But the new regulation of 2005 contribued to lower this number.
The Spanish government has shown a strong commitment to immigrants integration, which has been a central component of immigration policy since the 1990s. A nationanal integration plan included the stablishment in the same year of valuablee instruments such as the Permanent Observatory for Immigration and the Forum for the Social Integration of Immigrants.
Similar bodies have been created in several religions.
A legal reform passed in 2000 extended welfare benefits (health an education). The only requirement is that they be registered in the municipar population register. The registation is mandatory for all residents in the municipality.
This peculiar feature will soon dissapear.
Spain's general acceptance of immigrants would change when the long period of sustained economic growth finally came to an end.
In 2005 about the 36% of male immigrants were empoyed in the construction sector. These men were far more likely to have lost their job during the crisis than their female counterparts, predominantly employed in the services sector.
There has ben an increase in immigrants unemployment during the first quarter of 2012.
No major social disruptions have been reported since the onset of the crisis, and politicization of immigration has not significantly increased.
The reason cited by many citizens to justify immigration may be losing ground due to the high levels of joblessness. This may explain the decline in the proportion of citizens harboting ambivalent attitudes toward immigration and suggest why some of them may have turned adverse.
Is Span's relative egalitarianism likely to persist into he foreseeable future, or will attitudes and policies toward immigrtion and integration increasingly mirror those that prevail across much of Europe?
Yet if restrictionist policies come to the fore, it is likely they will meet resistance from both political opposition parties and civil-socity grounds.
In just a decade, Spain's foreign-born population increased from less tha 4% of the total population to almost 14%.
Most Spaniards stillview immigration through the lens of the labor market.
Spain's wave of immigration has not led to the public and political blacklash that has been characterristic of other immigrant-receiving countries in Erope.
Spain hit hardest by the economic crisis and with some of Europe's highest levels of unemployment, has not seen a wave anti-immigrant sentiment among either general populance or the political class.
The current economic crisis has not led to a blackash against immigration in spain. Between 2000 and 2009 Spain's foreing born went from under 1.5million to over 6.5 million. spain is the second largest recipient of immigrants.
The economic growth was the mais driver behind the rise in the number of immigrants. There was a high demand for foreing labor, to fill low, or semi-skilled job.
Some segments of the population were worried about the growing number of immigrants, but they accepted that these workers were needed.
Emigration policies have tended to be open, and integration efforts sustained and comprehensive. The number of unauthorized immigrants began increasing rapidly in 2000. But the new regulation of 2005 contribued to lower this number.
The Spanish government has shown a strong commitment to immigrants integration, which has been a central component of immigration policy since the 1990s. A nationanal integration plan included the stablishment in the same year of valuablee instruments such as the Permanent Observatory for Immigration and the Forum for the Social Integration of Immigrants.
Similar bodies have been created in several religions.
A legal reform passed in 2000 extended welfare benefits (health an education). The only requirement is that they be registered in the municipar population register. The registation is mandatory for all residents in the municipality.
This peculiar feature will soon dissapear.
Spain's general acceptance of immigrants would change when the long period of sustained economic growth finally came to an end.
In 2005 about the 36% of male immigrants were empoyed in the construction sector. These men were far more likely to have lost their job during the crisis than their female counterparts, predominantly employed in the services sector.
There has ben an increase in immigrants unemployment during the first quarter of 2012.
No major social disruptions have been reported since the onset of the crisis, and politicization of immigration has not significantly increased.
The reason cited by many citizens to justify immigration may be losing ground due to the high levels of joblessness. This may explain the decline in the proportion of citizens harboting ambivalent attitudes toward immigration and suggest why some of them may have turned adverse.
Is Span's relative egalitarianism likely to persist into he foreseeable future, or will attitudes and policies toward immigrtion and integration increasingly mirror those that prevail across much of Europe?
Yet if restrictionist policies come to the fore, it is likely they will meet resistance from both political opposition parties and civil-socity grounds.
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