26/11/14 - Gimenez's Text

1. Authors' profile: Malgesini and Giménez

Carlos Giménez is a Social Anthropology professor. He is the principal of the University Institute of Investigation of Migrations, Ethnicity and Social Development (IMEDES) and of the programme “Migration and Multiculturalism” in the Autonomous University of Madrid. He is also a teacher in this university.

He combines theory and practise in subjects of interculturality, mediatin and development. From 1992 to 1999 he was consultant in the Madrid Community with the immigration of the social administration and from 1996 to 2000 he was an international adviser of the United Nations' Programme for development (PNUD) of Guatemala (interculturality, public politics and sustainable human's development).

Graciela Malgesini is a Doctor of Economic History and an expert in themes related with Migrations and Development.

She has been teacher of different Universities in Argentina and Spain. She has worked in different projects of investigation. She has co-direct the Specialty “Migration and Development” of one Madrid’s universities’ programme.

Now she is an independent Consultant in different Organizations, like the Spanish Red Cross.

She has published several books and many articles about these two subjects.

2. Cultural pluralism, pluralistic societies: Furnivall, Barth and Smith

Furnivall created the term “pluralistic societies” to characterize the Dutch East Indies society, colonial field where the Dutch colonists, the local Indonesian (clearly dominated) and some intermediate groups who worked in the trade, like the Chinese immigrants.

Furnivall saw the domination, the conflict and the instability as inevitable features of the pluralistic societies. He said that these societies were creations of the occidental expansion whose result was to gather different ethnic groups in the Colonial States and the market.

He thought that the pluralistic societies were going to end when the colonial possession finished, because the ethnic groups were politically forces and there were only economic bond, no social ones.

Batth used the term “pluralistic society” in a text of 1958, to describe the society of Swat (Pakistan), but with a different perspective than Furnivall, more positive or optimistic.

The coexistence between three different ethnic groups in Swat and their persistence like that, showed that the adapting process weren’t inevitable and that a determinate harmony grade was possible. Barth defines the pluralistic society as a society that combines the ethnic contrast and the economic interdependence.

Smith used the term with the Caribbean society, which was very similar to the Furnivall’s society: the European colonists (Spanish, French ...), the slaves’ descendent that were moved from Africa to the Caribe and the Asiatic immigrants, Hindus.

Their description was an analysis of the social reality as it is more than a proposal of what it has to be.

3. Multiculturalism models according to Kymlicka

Kymlicka has distinguished between “two broad models of cultural diversity”: “The first case, the cultural diversity appears from the culture incorporation that before had a self-government and were concentrated geographically in a bigger State. The second case, the cultural diversity appears from the individual immigration and the familiar one”. This two models are denominates “national minorities” and “ethnic groups”.

Kymlicka tried to show that the national minorities try to follow their culture and be a different society while the ethnic groups try to integrate in the majority society and be accpted as a member of it with all the rights.

4. Objections to the muliculturalism, Rex and Domíngez

In relation with the critics refered to the possible social fragmentation, Jonh Rex in 1986, said that the multiculturalism concept assumed “the existence of two independent cultural areas”. This two areas were: The first one “is a political culture shared inside the public territory, based in the equality” and the second one “diverse communitary and private cultures, its one with its own language, religion and customs”. This make visible the difficulties.

Dominguez sees the multiculturalism as a ideology of post-racism. It is a critic to the multicultural speech, talk or slang in United States (multicultural-talk). Even reconizing the diverse positions (“liberal” and “progressive” positions opposite to the “conservative” and “right” positions, talking about multiculturalism), Domínguez says that what is shared is much more that what is discussed publically.

5. Interculturalism according to Perotti

Perotti understands the “intercultural society” as a “political project that, departing form the plural culturalism exists in the society (this pluralism is limited to the yuxtaposition of the culture and it is only translated in a increasement of the ethni-groups culture) is ment to develop a new cultural summary.

6. Chronology: cultural pluralism, multiculturalism and interculturality

25/11/14 - Delgado's Text

19/11/14 - Arango's Text resume

Excepcional in Europe? Spain's Experience with Immigration and Integration

In just a decade, Spain's foreign-born population increased from less tha 4% of the total population to almost 14%.
Most Spaniards stillview immigration through the lens of the labor market.

Spain's wave of immigration has not led to the public and political blacklash that has been characterristic of other immigrant-receiving countries in Erope.

Spain hit hardest by the economic crisis and with some of Europe's highest levels of unemployment, has not seen a wave anti-immigrant sentiment among either general populance or the political class.
The current economic crisis has not led to a blackash against immigration in spain. Between 2000 and 2009 Spain's foreing born went from under 1.5million to over 6.5 million. spain is the second largest recipient of immigrants.

The economic growth was the mais driver behind the rise in the number of immigrants. There was a high demand for foreing labor, to fill low, or semi-skilled job.
Some segments  of the population were worried about the growing number of immigrants, but they accepted that these workers were needed.

Emigration policies have tended to be open, and integration efforts sustained and comprehensive. The number of unauthorized immigrants began increasing rapidly in 2000. But the new regulation of 2005 contribued to lower this number.

The Spanish government has shown a strong commitment to immigrants integration, which has been a central component of immigration policy since the 1990s. A nationanal integration plan included the stablishment in the same year of valuablee instruments such as the Permanent Observatory for Immigration and the Forum for the Social Integration of Immigrants.
Similar bodies have been created in several religions.

A legal reform passed in 2000 extended welfare benefits (health an education). The only requirement is that they be registered in the municipar population register. The registation is mandatory for all residents in the municipality.
This peculiar feature will soon dissapear.

Spain's general acceptance of immigrants would change when the long period of sustained economic growth finally came to an end.
In 2005 about the 36% of male immigrants were empoyed in the construction sector. These men were far more likely to have lost their job during the crisis than their female counterparts, predominantly employed in the services sector.
There has ben an increase in immigrants unemployment during the first quarter of 2012.


No major social disruptions have been reported since the onset of the crisis, and politicization of immigration has not significantly increased.
The reason cited by many citizens to justify immigration may be losing ground due to the high levels of joblessness. This may explain the decline in the proportion of citizens harboting ambivalent attitudes toward immigration and suggest why some of them may have turned adverse.

Is Span's relative egalitarianism likely to persist into he foreseeable future, or will attitudes and policies toward immigrtion and integration increasingly mirror those that prevail across much of Europe?

Yet if restrictionist policies come to the fore, it is likely they will meet resistance from both political opposition parties and civil-socity grounds.

5/11/14 - Baztarrika

3. Where the basque language is talk? Give percentages.
People usually talk basque in the Basque Autonomous Community, Navarre and the three "ancient provinces" in France.

The Baque Autonomous Community carries the greatest demographic weight, because 75% of the Basque Country's citizens and 82% of the Basque speakers live there.

16. Explain th bilingual education models.
There're three models:

1.  The model A, teaching is mainly carried out in Spanish, with Basque as an individual subject.
2. In the B model, some subjects are taught in Basque and some in Spanish, is half-half
3.  In the D model, teaching is carried out in Basque, with Spanish as an individual subject.

23. Define characteristics about the linguistic policy.
Firts the linguistic policy aims to normalise the use of Baque.
Then all of this demands posituve action to support the weakest.
A linguistic policy must warrant the complete respect of the public.
And finally among other things, the cornerstones of the linguistic policy are progressiveness, flexibility and taking account of socio-linguistic diversity.

And for the Kottak paragraph the question is:

 When the Basque Country appeared? This phenomen continue?

It started from the Paleolithic times through the Bronze Age (about 3000 years ago). And nowadays the use of the Basque is increasing through other areas.

4/11/14 - The Basque people

1. Who was Orson Welles?

George Orson Welles was born the 6th of May of 1915, in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He was an American actor, director, writer and producer who worked in theater, radio and film. 

He is best remembered for his innovative work in all three media: in theatre, most notably Caesar (1937), a groundbreaking Broadway adaptation of Julius Caesar; in radio, the 1938 broadcast "The War of the Worlds", one of the most famous in the history of radio; and in film, Citizen Kane (1941), consistently ranked as one of the all-time greatest films.

2. Note main ideas described in documentary related to the basques:

• The Basques tought that Adan and Eva were Basques. For them, to speak Spanish was a treachery but foreing people or Spanish people tought that their language was very strange.
• The biggest industry was the smuggling. They also used to hunt pigeons with a tactic that nowadays is alive in a village called Etxalar. Is a tactic where you hunt the pigeon with some traps.
• There had been a big change there, which is that young men went to America to worked like shipherds because there was work.
•  In the video we can see a case, he is a man who went at first like shipherd, then he started like truck driver and later on, he bought his own sheeps.He explains in the video that at first is very difficult because you have to learn the language and you have not free time because you are always caring the sheeps.
• This man came back to live there, in the village,  with his family and then he got married with a girl from there. 

3. Develop in depth two of them. Provide a critic view from your standpoint such as: basque, non-basque, other...

 

The Basque language:

In my opinion, as a person who has been studying basque for 12 years, Basque language is undervalued. 

I think that we are loosing a really interesting language (because we don't really know where it come from), which, as my mum says, is the languge of our ancestors. 

After the Francos' dictatorship the number of Basque speakers was reduced, and also with the ETA movement it was bad-seing, so people wasn't interested in learning it.

Thankfully this has changed, now in nearly of the schools of Navarre you have te option of study Basque, it is being promoted.

In my opinion people connect the Basque language with the terrorism, and ther is still people that think that all Basques are terrorists. I think this is really sad, because they are estereotyping. Things have changed and I my opinion it that Basque language is as acceptable as French, English or Catalan.

We should promote the Basque learning because it is part of our culture and we can't loose it.

28/10/14 - Intersectionality: Ableism and Privilege

1. Brief definition on concepts as: 

• Intersectionality: is a concept often used in critical theories to describe the ways in which oppressive institutions (racism, sexism, homophobia, transphobia, ableism, xenophobia, classism, etc.) are interconnected and cannot be examined separately from one another.
•  Ableism: discrimination against disabled or handicapped people.
•  Privilege: A special advantage, immunity, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual, class, or caste.
• Oppression: the act of subjugating by cruelty, force, etc or the state of being subjugated in this way or the condition of being afflicted or tormented.
• Discrimination: unfair treatment of a person, racial group, minority, etc; action based on prejudice.

 2. Adapt source 2 for Spanish context.
I would change the part of "Country" and divide it in the counties of Spain, being the top one the counties of the North (besause the life style is much better) and the bottom ones the counties of the South of Spain.

I would change the parts of Sex and Orentation, giving to the men and women the same points, because in Spain there is  lot of equety. And in the orentation I would put it in this orther: Straight, Gay, Bisexual and Axesual; giving to the first two the same points. Now Spain is being very tolerant with the homosexual marriage, this is a huge progress.

I would change the part of religion, being Christian the top one, because in Spain is the main religion.

I would leave the rest as they are.

 3. Analize subjects appearing in sources (1,2,3) in relation to today session's subject. 
This sources show that your race, religion, sexual orentation... influences a lot in your dairy life. That there are a lot of discrimination against the people who are "different".

4. Reflect on how privileged are you as a person and as a professional in the next future
I've always thought how would my life be if I would have borned in anothe country. As a person I think I'm really privileged, because I've always had everything that I needed and wanted. Sometimes we don't really apreciate how privileges we are because we are too bussy finding something new to buy or a new goal to achieve. I've seen that rarely people is satisfied with what the have, and this is really sad, because we are not enjoying all the things we have.
In relation with my future profession, I think I'm privileged too, because I've had the opprtunity of going to the university. I know that teaching isn't really well-seing, that a teacher doesn't earn a lot of money, but I think it is a wonderfull job, in whitch you get rewarded with more thing than money.

 5. How is my Working Group Presentation related to intersectionality? Brief conclusion
Doing the interview I could see other realities, because not everyone is as priviledge as me. The have had to work  lot to arrive to where they are now. They have had to leave heir countries, family, friends...; to try to find a better place to live.
 Also I could see how some people are afected by the racism or homophobia. I don't see the point of not respecting everyone as they are, I couldn't imagine how they feel when people don't like you just because of where you are from or who you like.

This must stop.

7/10/14 - Schooling the World

In these videos we can see the proccess that happened all around the world. By this proccess millions of people have been teached by people from the United States. We can see the role played by the modern education in the destruction of the world´s last indigenous cultures.

It criticises the thought about the neccessity of a unique form of modern scooling, it shows us the impact not only in children, but also in adults of each indigenous culture,

Indigenous were fine living by their owns values and teaching their children what they considered it has to be teached, but then as an indigenous saif “traditional ways of compassion, kindness and helping one anotherare slowly dying out”.

Before modern schooling their education focused on the spiritual teachings and now children only thinks about earn a lost of money.

The United States of America defends the ´scchooling the world´ because they consider it's important because children have to learn the economic system to make them competitive in the global economy; but ironically the countries they work at don't have a good economic system and much of the children that are learning these things don't even have food. 


We should really change this situation!