24/09/14 - Anthropology Mindmap

17/09/14 - Human Rights and Fundamental Rights

THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS    

1. Where and when this Declaration comes from?

 It was written on the  10th of December of 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot, Paris.

2. Drafters profile

Canadian John Peters Humphrey was called upon by the United Nations Secretary-General to work on the project and became the Declaration's principal drafter.

At the time, Humphrey was newly appointed as Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat.The Commission on Human Rights, a standing body of the United Nations, was constituted to undertake the work of preparing what was initially conceived as an International Bill of Rights. 

The membership of the Commission was designed to be broadly representative of the global community, served by representatives from different countries.

Well-known members of the Commission included Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States (who was the Chairperson), René Cassin of France, Charles Malik of Lebanon, P. C. Chang of the Republic of China, and Hansa Mehta of India. Humphrey provided the initial draft which became the working text of the Commission.

    3. Meaning of:

a.  Dignity: Appearance and conduct that indicate self-respect and formality.

b.  Sovereignty: Supreme and unrestricted power, as of a state.

c.  Honour: Personal integrity; allegiance to moral principles.

d.  Nationality: The state of belonging to a particular nation, whether by birth or naturalization.

e.  Worship: To show profound religious devotion and respect to; adore or venerate.

f.   Lack of livelihood: 

g.  Merit: Worth or superior quality; excellence.

h. Morality: The quality of being moral (of or relating to the principles of right conduct, or with the distinction between right and wrong; ethical).

CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, CFREU

and CONSTITUCIÓN ESPAÑOLA, CE

 1. Where this Charters comes from?

  From the Europe Parliament.

 2.  What is “habeas corpus”. Link its meaning to CE Art.24 and CFREU Art. 47

   It´s what avoids arrests and arbitrary detentions. Link its meaning to CE in Art.24 and CFREU in the Art. 47

 3.  Find a right related to:

a.     Dignity: Respect that someone has to his own thoughts and is inviolable and must be respected and protected.

b.     Education: Is a right and in some countries can be public or private it depends.

c.      Employment-work:  A trade, proffesion or other means of livehood.

d.     Relation State-Religion:In ancient times the State and Religion were absolutly relationated.

16/09/14 - Citizenship UE, Spain

1. What is the main source for finding what the human rights are?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nation organization (UN) in 1948.

UN: Is an intergovernmental organization established on 24 October 1945 to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was created following the Second World War to prevent another such conflict.
At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The UN Headquarters is situated in Manhattan, New York City and enjoys extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi and Vienna.

2. Fundamental rights and human rights. Are they the same? Why?
No, they aren't the same. The human rights are the rights you get just for being human, everyone supposes to have them. And fundamental rights are the rights you have for belonging to a country.
The Spanish citizens have them in the "Magna Carta" or the Spanish Constitution.

3. What is the meaning of citizenship? What is the relation between citizenship and rights? Name conceps releated to citizenship.
Citizenship: The character of an individual viwed as a member of society, behaviour in terms of the duties, obligations and functions of a citizen.

Conceps: Nationality, Nature, Origin, Society, State..

4. Fundamental rights. What are they? Where are they? What are my fundamental rights? Main sources where I can find my fundamental rights.
Fundamental rights are connected to the citizenship, releated to your nacionality.
Spanish people can find them in the Magna Carta (Spanish Constitution) written in 1978 and European people can find them in the European Charter.

5. Marshall's type of rights.
Marshall was a sociologist that lived during the XX century.
He divided the human rights in three groups: civil rights, political rights and social rights.
its of them developed in different time, not all together.

• Civil rights (during the XIX century): Freedom..
• Political rights (during the end of the XIX century): You can volunteer to be voted and vote to other people..
• Social rights (during the XX century): Education, public health, access to services..

You can't have the social rights if you don't have the civil rights, fore example: You can't go to school if you aren't free.

Feminist criticism: He was criticized because he said that only men could have all the rights.

New liberal criticism

10/09/14 - Rigths of Marshall

Thomas Humphrey Marshall was a British sociologist knowed for his essays such as "Citizenship and Social Class". 
In this essay he analyzes the citizenship development from three points of view: from the civil rights, political rights and social rights development.

For him you only have a complete citizenship when you have all of the three rights and it doesn't depend on which social class you are in.
But Marshall says that this rights don't end with the social classes or the social inequality.
For him only the men had the right to have all this rights.


In his essay he explains that this three rights had a different development rate.
He says that the first ones that had a completed development were the civil rights with the individual liberty, the personl liberty, the liberty of word and conscience, the property and hiring rights and the equality underthe law.
It was during the XIX century.

The political rights with the involvement of the politicians in the army as electors or electors' representatives and the political citizenship principle establishment. 
It was during the end of the XIX century.

The social rights development was the last one, during the XX century, with the education for everyone, the public health, access to different services..
A person would have it just for being a citizen, it didn't matter the social class you were in.

Marshal ends saying that this three groups of rights are just the beggining of a lot more of rights.